race-specific resistance of wheat to yellow rust caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici has been reported as short-lived. partial resistance, a kind of quantitative resistance, has been reported to be more stable. partial resistance in terms of slow rusting parameters including final rust severity (frs), apparent infection rate (r), relative area under disease progress curve (raudpc), an...

Durable disease resistance genes such as the wheat gene Lr34 are valuable sources of for agricultural breeding programs. encodes an ATP-binding cassette transporter protein involved in transport phytohormone abscisic acid. from is functionally transferable to barley, maize, rice and sorghum. A pleiotropic effect induces development a senescence-like phenotype, referred leaf tip necrosis. We use...

The effect of chilling on photosystem II (PSII) efficiency was studied in the variegated leaves of Calathea makoyana, in order to gain insight into the causes of chilling-induced photoinhibition. Additionally, a relationship was revealed between (chilling) stress and variation in photosynthesis. Chilling treatments (5 degrees C and 10 degrees C) were performed for different durations (1-7 d) un...

The hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) adult plant resistance gene, Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Ltn1, provides broad-spectrum resistance to wheat leaf rust (Lr34), stripe rust (Yr18), stem rust (Sr57) and powdery mildew (Pm38) pathogens, and has remained effective in wheat crops for many decades. The partial resistance provided by this gene is only apparent in adult plants and not effective in field-g...

Typhoon No. 13 in 2006 (Typhoon 0613) passed through Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan on Sep. 17, 2006. After being hit by it, many landscape trees, especially ginkgo in Yamaguchi City, showed symptoms of necrosis on the leaf tip and margin, and even the entire leaf. It clearly divided the crowns of some ginkgo trees into the green part and the non-green part. In order to quantitatively study this p...

Rhynchosporoside, a phytotoxic compound, has been isolated from cultures of Rhynchosporium secalis, the causal agent of scald disease of barley. The toxin is a cello-bioside of 1,2-propanediol. The compound may play some role in symptom expression because it was isolated from diseased plants in concentrations similar to those that could cause symptoms in toxin-treated plants. The toxin causes l...

Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is a common and destructive disease of wheat worldwide. The durable rust-resistance gene Lr34 typically described as an adult plant resistance gene, which not expressed at the seedling stage normal greenhouse temperatures. However, when plants with are grown low temperatures, i.e. approximately 8°C. Lines cultivars demonstrate range response...

Unlike other commercial treatment planning systems (TPS) which model the rounded leaf end differently (such as the MLC dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) or rounded leaf-tip radius), the RayStation TPS (RaySearch Laboratories, Stockholm, Sweden) models transmission through the rounded leaf end of the MLC with a step function, in which the radiation transmission through the leaf end is the square root of...

Our work evaluates the variation of Dosimetric Leaf Gap (DLG) along the travel path of each Varian Millennium 120-MLC leaf pairs. Traditionally, the Treatment Planning Systems (TPS) utilize a single value of DLG measured under the middle leaf-pair. The TPS models the shape of the leaf tip as straight as opposed to rounded edge. To overcome this limitation, the TPS retracts each leaf tip by half...